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An assembly of the world's top scientists in photobiological safety has reviewed the status and potential gaps in the knowledge of the effects of 222nm light on human eyes and skin. They collectively conclude that while studies to determine the highest levels of safe far-UVC exposure progress, deployment should persist under currently applicable limits, especially in areas with high infection risk and vulnerable populations. The widespread adoption of far-UVC technology has the potential to dramatically reshape the landscape of airborne disease control and prevention indoors, effectively curtailing the spread of both routine and pandemic respiratory pathogens
An assembly of the world's top scientists in photobiological safety has reviewed the status and potential gaps in the knowledge of the effects of 222nm light on human eyes and skin. They collectively conclude that while studies to determine the highest levels of safe far-UVC exposure progress, deployment should persist under currently applicable limits, especially in areas with high infection risk and vulnerable populations. The widespread adoption of far-UVC technology has the potential to dramatically reshape the landscape of airborne disease control and prevention indoors, effectively curtailing the spread of both routine and pandemic respiratory pathogens
Recent experimental studies have indicated the potential for ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222nm (Far-UVC) to be used in occupied rooms to safely reduce exposure to airborne pathogens. Application of the validated model suggests that germicidal Far-UVC lamps could reduce levels of airborne human coronavirus by more than 90% in rooms with low ventilation rates. The inactivation of pathogens by Far-UVC is more efficient than previously thought, due to the complex path that particles take within the three-dimensional airflow and UVC irradiance pattern. Depending on the UVC-susceptibility of the aerosolized pathogen, Far-UVC lamps have the potential to provide effective room air change rates in excess of 100 equivalent air changes per hour, much greater than is possible with mechanical ventilation or filtration devices.
Recent experimental studies have indicated the potential for ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222nm (Far-UVC) to be used in occupied rooms to safely reduce exposure to airborne pathogens. Application of the validated model suggests that germicidal Far-UVC lamps could reduce levels of airborne human coronavirus by more than 90% in rooms with low ventilation rates. The inactivation of pathogens by Far-UVC is more efficient than previously thought, due to the complex path that particles take within the three-dimensional airflow and UVC irradiance pattern. Depending on the UVC-susceptibility of the aerosolized pathogen, Far-UVC lamps have the potential to provide effective room air change rates in excess of 100 equivalent air changes per hour, much greater than is possible with mechanical ventilation or filtration devices.
In this study, UV reflection of 21 common materials was documented and compared using a filtered KrCl* excimer (installed with a bandpass filter at 222 nm), an unfiltered KrCl* excimer, and a conventional low-pressure mercury vapor lamp. Findings show that common materials can reflect UV, among which metals have greater reflection, filtered KrCl* excimer is safe and effective for surface disinfection, reflected UV for unfiltered KrCl* excimer and Hg lamp exhibit greater health risks, and that ozone generation by UV lamps is unlikely to cause health risks.
In this study, UV reflection of 21 common materials was documented and compared using a filtered KrCl* excimer (installed with a bandpass filter at 222 nm), an unfiltered KrCl* excimer, and a conventional low-pressure mercury vapor lamp. Findings show that common materials can reflect UV, among which metals have greater reflection, filtered KrCl* excimer is safe and effective for surface disinfection, reflected UV for unfiltered KrCl* excimer and Hg lamp exhibit greater health risks, and that ozone generation by UV lamps is unlikely to cause health risks.
This David J. Brenner article reviews both the safety of far-UVC, and its efficacy, both in the laboratory and in full-sized rooms. Highlighted is the paper by Ma et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology which addresses the efficacy of far-UVC light (in this case at 222 nm) against a broad spectrum of common pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. From their data, and based on our understanding of the largely random nature of UVC-induced damage within the genome, far UVC would be expected to be effective against the next pandemic virus, if and when it emerges.
This David J. Brenner article reviews both the safety of far-UVC, and its efficacy, both in the laboratory and in full-sized rooms. Highlighted is the paper by Ma et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology which addresses the efficacy of far-UVC light (in this case at 222 nm) against a broad spectrum of common pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. From their data, and based on our understanding of the largely random nature of UVC-induced damage within the genome, far UVC would be expected to be effective against the next pandemic virus, if and when it emerges.
Filtered excimer krypton-chloride (KrCl) lamps, which emit predominantly at 222 nm, have been shown to provide similar or better pathogen reduction rates while being safe for human eye and skin exposure at much higher dose levels than the typical 254 nm radiation. This opens new opportunities to provide disinfection of air and surfaces while people are present. This paper presents a simplified setup for collecting reflectance data, using an existing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sphere, a 222 nm radiometer, and a filtered excimer KrCl lamp. Common building materials have been investigated with this method and most of them showed a diffuse reflectance of about 10%. Reflectance measurements were also made by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) for the purpose of validating the method.
Filtered excimer krypton-chloride (KrCl) lamps, which emit predominantly at 222 nm, have been shown to provide similar or better pathogen reduction rates while being safe for human eye and skin exposure at much higher dose levels than the typical 254 nm radiation. This opens new opportunities to provide disinfection of air and surfaces while people are present. This paper presents a simplified setup for collecting reflectance data, using an existing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sphere, a 222 nm radiometer, and a filtered excimer KrCl lamp. Common building materials have been investigated with this method and most of them showed a diffuse reflectance of about 10%. Reflectance measurements were also made by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) for the purpose of validating the method.
It has been reported that 222-nm ultraviolet C (UVC) exerts a germicidal effect on bacteria and viruses as well as UV radiation emitted from a conventional germicidal lamp but is less toxic to the mammalian cells than that from a germicidal lamp. While an excimer lamp filled with krypton chloride (KrCl) gas principally emits 222 nm UVC, the lamp also emits a wide band of wavelengths other than 222 nm, especially UVC at a longer wavelength than 222 nm and ultraviolet B, which cause DNA damage. This study's results suggest that a bandpass filter serves a critical role in reducing the harmful effect of emission outside of 222 nm to mouse keratinocytes.
It has been reported that 222-nm ultraviolet C (UVC) exerts a germicidal effect on bacteria and viruses as well as UV radiation emitted from a conventional germicidal lamp but is less toxic to the mammalian cells than that from a germicidal lamp. While an excimer lamp filled with krypton chloride (KrCl) gas principally emits 222 nm UVC, the lamp also emits a wide band of wavelengths other than 222 nm, especially UVC at a longer wavelength than 222 nm and ultraviolet B, which cause DNA damage. This study's results suggest that a bandpass filter serves a critical role in reducing the harmful effect of emission outside of 222 nm to mouse keratinocytes.
A groundbreaking paper testing pathogen reduction in an air chamber. While there is laboratory evidence for Far-UVC efficacy, there is limited evidence in full-sized rooms. For the first time, we show that Far-UVC deployed in a room-sized chamber effectively inactivates aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus. At a room ventilation rate of 3 air-changes-per-hour (ACH), with 5 filtered sources the steady-state pathogen load was reduced by 98.4% providing an additional 184 equivalent air changes (eACH). The data indicate that Far-UVC is likely to be more effective against common airborne viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, than bacteria and should thus be an effective and “hands-off” technology to reduce airborne disease transmission. The findings provide room-scale data to support the design and development of effective Far-UVC systems.
A groundbreaking paper testing pathogen reduction in an air chamber. While there is laboratory evidence for Far-UVC efficacy, there is limited evidence in full-sized rooms. For the first time, we show that Far-UVC deployed in a room-sized chamber effectively inactivates aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus. At a room ventilation rate of 3 air-changes-per-hour (ACH), with 5 filtered sources the steady-state pathogen load was reduced by 98.4% providing an additional 184 equivalent air changes (eACH). The data indicate that Far-UVC is likely to be more effective against common airborne viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, than bacteria and should thus be an effective and “hands-off” technology to reduce airborne disease transmission. The findings provide room-scale data to support the design and development of effective Far-UVC systems.
Ushio America, Inc. (“Ushio”) announced today that its strategic partner, Acuity Brands Lighting, Inc. (“Acuity Brands”), has successfully secured a certification by UL LLC for the combination of Ushio Care222® filtered Far UV-C technology with Acuity Brand’s newly developed (patent-pending) UV dosing controls. This is the first germicidal UV (GUV) source in the wavelength range 200-230 nm (i.e. “far-UVC”) to be UL LLC Certified to meet U.S. and Canadian standards for germicidal equipment for use in occupied spaces. When properly installed and administered, the module is in the Exempt risk group for photobiological hazards, as described in the IEC 62471:2006, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems.
Ushio America, Inc. (“Ushio”) announced today that its strategic partner, Acuity Brands Lighting, Inc. (“Acuity Brands”), has successfully secured a certification by UL LLC for the combination of Ushio Care222® filtered Far UV-C technology with Acuity Brand’s newly developed (patent-pending) UV dosing controls. This is the first germicidal UV (GUV) source in the wavelength range 200-230 nm (i.e. “far-UVC”) to be UL LLC Certified to meet U.S. and Canadian standards for germicidal equipment for use in occupied spaces. When properly installed and administered, the module is in the Exempt risk group for photobiological hazards, as described in the IEC 62471:2006, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems.
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